Modelling of electromagnetic influences from wind farms at frequencies below 30 MHz : interference and scattering

Abstract

This report describes models for electromagnetic influences from wind farms at frequencies below 30 MHz. Regarding radiated electromagnetic interference, a methodology based on well-established models is proposed. Regarding scattering and direction finding error, a model inspired by previous reports and measurements is proposed. Due to large remaining uncertainty in important input parameters, the scattering model can presently only provide order-of-magnitude estimates. The models developed in this work can be used to evaluate concerns on whether planned wind farm installations can have negative impact on military systems utilizing frequencies below 30 MHz.