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    Northern bottlenose whales in a pristine environment respond strongly to close and distant navy sonar signals

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    1703324.pdf (1.223Mb)
    Date
    2019-03-20
    Author
    Wensveen, Paul J.
    Isojunno, Saana
    Hansen, Rune Roland
    von Benda-Beckmann, Alexander M.
    Kleivane, Lars
    van IJsselmuide, Sander
    Lam, Frans-Peter Alexander
    Kvadsheim, Petter Helgevold
    DeRuiter, Stacy L.
    Curé, Charlotte
    Narazaki, Tomoko
    Tyack, Peter Lloyd
    Miller, Patrick James O'Malley
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    Abstract
    Impact assessments for sonar operations typically use received sound levels to predict behavioural disturbance in marine mammals. However, there are indications that cetaceans may learn to associate exposures from distant sound sources with lower perceived risk. To investigate the roles of source distance and received level in an area without frequent sonar activity, we conducted multi-scale controlled exposure experiments (n = 3) with 12 northern bottlenose whales near Jan Mayen, Norway. Animals were tagged with high-resolution archival tags (n = 1 per experiment) or medium-resolution satellite tags (n = 9 in total) and subsequently exposed to sonar. We also deployed bottom-moored recorders to acoustically monitor for whales in the exposed area. Tagged whales initiated avoidance of the sound source over a wide range of distances (0.8–28 km), with responses characteristic of beaked whales. Both onset and intensity of response were better predicted by received sound pressure level (SPL) than by source distance. Avoidance threshold SPLs estimated for each whale ranged from 117–126 dB re 1 µPa, comparable to those of other tagged beaked whales. In this pristine underwater acoustic environment, we found no indication that the source distances tested in our experiments modulated the behavioural effects of sonar, as has been suggested for locations where whales are frequently exposed to sonar.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12242/2622
    DOI
    10.1098/rspb.2018.2592
    Description
    Wensveen, Paul J.; Isojunno, Saana; Hansen, Rune Roland; von Benda-Beckmann, Alexander M.; Kleivane, Lars; van IJsselmuide, Sander; Lam, Frans-Peter Alexander; Kvadsheim, Petter Helgevold; DeRuiter, Stacy L.; Curé, Charlotte; Narazaki, Tomoko; Tyack, Peter Lloyd; Miller, Patrick James O'Malley. Northern bottlenose whales in a pristine environment respond strongly to close and distant navy sonar signals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences 2019 ;Volum 286.(1899) FFI UiO
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