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Avoidance responses of minke whales to 1?4 kHz naval sonar
(2017)
Minke whales are difficult to study and little information exists regarding their responses to anthropogenic sound. This study pools data from behavioural response studies off California and Norway. Data are derived from ...
Dose-response relationships for the onset of avoidance of sonar by free-ranging killer whales
(2014)
Eight experimentally controlled exposures to 1−2 kHz or 6−7 kHz sonar signals were conducted with four killer whale groups. The source level and proximity of the source were increased during each exposure in order to reveal ...
First indications that northern bottlenose whales are sensitive to behavioural disturbance from anthropogenic noise
(2015)
Although northern bottlenose whales were the most heavily hunted beaked whale, we have little information about this species in its remote habitat of the North Atlantic Ocean. Underwater anthropogenic noise and disruption ...
The 3S3 experiment data report - using operational naval sonars to study the effects of continuous active sonar, and source proximity, on sperm whales
(2021-03-18)
The 3S project is an international collaborative effort with the aim to investigate behavioral
reactions of cetaceans to naval sonar signals. The objectives of the third phase of the project
(3S3) were to investigate if ...
Effect of naval sonar exposure on killer whales and humpback whales – 3S-2023 cruise report
(2024-04-02)
3S (Sea mammals and Sonar Safety) is a multidisciplinary and international collaboration studying how naval sonar affects cetaceans. The goal is to gain information necessary to manage the risk to cetaceans without ...