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Modeling Effectiveness of Gradual Increases in Source Level to Mitigate Effects of Sonar on Marine Mammals
(2014)
Ramp-up or soft-start procedures (i.e., gradual increase in the source level) are used to mitigate the effect of sonar sound on marine mammals, although no one to date has tested whether ramp-up procedures are effective ...
Dose-response relationships for the onset of avoidance of sonar by free-ranging killer whales
(2014)
Eight experimentally controlled exposures to 1−2 kHz or 6−7 kHz sonar signals were conducted with four killer whale groups. The source level and proximity of the source were increased during each exposure in order to reveal ...
The 3S3 experiment data report - using operational naval sonars to study the effects of continuous active sonar, and source proximity, on sperm whales
(2021-03-18)
The 3S project is an international collaborative effort with the aim to investigate behavioral
reactions of cetaceans to naval sonar signals. The objectives of the third phase of the project
(3S3) were to investigate if ...